Uko byagenze hagati y’itariki ya 4 na 5 Ukwakira 1990 hatangira Operation Noroît y’Abafaransa baje gutabara Habyarimana

Ni iminsi itari yoroheye Habyarimana Juvéval wayoboraga u Rwanda kuko ubwo Inkotanyi zagabaga igitero ku mupaka wa Kagitumba, yari i New York muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu Nteko Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, ku buryo yahise agaruka i Kigali kibuno mpa amaguru.

Perezida Yoweri Museveni wayoboraga Uganda, ni we wamenyesheje Habyarimana wararaga mu igorofa ryo munsi y’iryo yari acumbikiwemo ko RPA yatangije urugamba kandi ko atari igitero Uganda yagabye ku Rwanda ndetse nta ruhare yabigizemo.

Uretse umutwe w’abasirikare barindaga Habyarimana basigaye i Kigali, bivugwa ko abandi basirikare bose yari afite bahise boherezwa ku rugamba guhangana na RPA aho abasirikare ba FAR barwanira ku butaka hejuru babaga banafite kajugujugu eshatu za Gazelle zabunganiraga.

Kubera ko ingabo zari zigize ex FAR zari nke muri icyo gihe, zitagera no mu bihumbi bitanu, ndetse zikaba zitari zarigeze zirwana na rimwe, yewe n’ibikoresho zagiraga bikaba byari ngerere, Habyarimana akimara kumva iby’igitero cyagabwe i Kagitumba yahise akorana ubwira, atangira gushakisha amaboko hirya no hino ahereye ku nshuti ze nka Mobutu Sese Seko wayoboraga Zaire, na François Mitterrand wayoboraga u Bufaransa wanahise amwumva vuba maze yemera kumuha abakomando bari bazwiho kurwana aho rukomeye.

Umutwe udasanzwe w’ingabo 300 z’Abafaransa ni wo watoranyijwe maze ubimenyeshwa ku wa 3 Ukwakira Saa Kumi n’Imwe z’Umugoroba ndetse hategurwa indege ebyiri za gisirikare zagombaga kubavana mu Bufaransa mu rugendo rwerekeza i Kigali nk’uko bigaragara mu gitabo “The Liberation Struggle: War and Militarism in African History cya John Burton Kegel.

Iki gikorwa cyo gutabara Leta ya Habyarimana ingabo z’u Bufaransa zari zacyise “Operation Noroît”

Uyu mutwe w’ingabo wari waramamaye mu gisirikare cy’u Bufaransa kubera ko ari wo wari warigeze koherezwa muri Congo gukora Misiyo yitiriwe “Kolwezi” mu 1978.

Indege ya mbere yahagurutse ku isaha ya Saa Cyenda z’igicuku cyo ku wa 4 Ukwakira 1990, indi ihaguruka saa 5:45 zo mu rukerera zombi zerekeza ku birindiro by’ingabo z’u Bufaransa byari i Bangui muri Centrafrique.

Umwanditsi Kegel wakusanyije byimbitse amakuru ku byabaye muri biriya bihe avuga ko saa Cyenda zo ku Gicamunsi cyo ku wa 4 Ukwakira, ari bwo izi ndege ebyiri zo mu bwoko bwa C-160 Transall zahagurutse i Bangui zerekeza i Kigali.

Abakomando b’Abafaransa baje i Kigali ubwoba ari bwose

Nubwo hari hoherejwe ingabo zidasanzwe, umwanditsi avuga ko aba basirikare bahagurutse i Bangui igitima kidiha kuko bibwiraga ko Ikibuga cy’Indege cya Kigali kidatekanye, ndetse ngo bari bateguye imitaka yo kuza kumanukiramo mu gihe bakakirizwa umuriro i Kigali, gusa ngo Abafaransa bari mu Rwanda babwiye bagenzi babo ko Kanombe itekanye nta kibazo.

Ati “Abafaransa ntibari bizeye ko Ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cy’Indege cya Kigali gitekanye… ariko ubwo indege yasatiraga ikirere cy’u Rwanda, abapilote bahamagaye umusirikare w’Umufaransa wari mu Rwanda akora ibikorwa byo gutoza abasirikare ba FAR, abizeza ko hatekanye n’imitaka itari ngombwa.”

Ubwo aba basirikare bamaraga kugera i Kigali saa 18:45, ngo ni bwo babwiwe ko ingabo za RPA baje kurwanya ziri mu bilometero 60 uvuye mu mujyi wa Kigali, impamvu ishimangira ikinyoma cya Habyarimana cyo kuvuga ko uwo mugoroba Umujyi wa Kigali wagabweho ibitero na RPA bigatuma azinduka afunga Abatutsi ibihumbi 10 abita ibyitso.

Uretse guhimba ikinamico yo kurasa ubusa i Kigali hagamijwe impamvu ya nyirarureshwa yo gufunga Abatutsi babashinja kuba ibyitso, umunyamateka w’Umufaransa witwa Bernard Lugan na we uvugwa muri iki gitabo, yongeraho ko muri iryo joro ryo ku wa 4 Ukwakira, abasirikare ba Habyarimana (FAR) bari bataye umutwe maze batangira gusukiranya amasasu barasa, bituma n’abandi babo bari mu bindi bice bya Kigali barasa bibwira ko batewe.

Hakozwe igerageza rya Coup d’état yo kwikiza Habyarimana

Uretse ikinamico ya Habyarimana yakozwe hagamijwe gutoteza Abatutsi, ndetse no kuba haba harabayeho igihunga mu ngabo za Leta, zigatangira kumisha amasasu mu kirere, ikindi cya gatatu cyateye iraswa ry’ayo masasu cyahishuwe n’uwahoze ari ambasaderi w’u Bubiligi mu Rwanda Johan Swinnen, aho avuga ko mu byo yibuka ari uko muri iryo joro abasirikare ba Habyarimana bagerageje kumukura ku butegetsi.

Ati “Ayo masasu yarashwe n’abasirikare ba FAR batari ku ruhande rwa Habyarimana bakozanyijeho n’abari bamuryamyeho.”

Avuga ko gushaka kumukura ku butegetsi bitari bishya mu ngabo za FAR ndetse icyo gihe ngo Ambasade ya Amerika mu Rwanda yari yamenyeshejwe mbere ko hashoboraga kuba ikintu kidasanzwe.

Ingabo z’Abafaransa zagumye mu Rwanda kugera hakozwe Jenoside

Mu gutabara Leta ya Habyarimana, ingabo z’Abafaransa zafatiyeho zitangira guha amahugurwa, ubufasha mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho no gutwara ingabo za ex FAR hifashishijwe za kajugujugu, ari nakoi bafatanyaga nazo mu mirwano bari bahanganyemo n’ingabo za RPA mu ntangiriro z’intambara.

Ingabo z’Abafaransa zanagize uruhare mu gutegura urwego rw’ubutasi bwa gisirikare no kubaka inzego z’umutekano za Leta, bifasha Habyarimana kugumana ubutegetsi, nubwo umwuka mu gihugu wakomeje kuba mubi ubwo hanavukaga amashyaka menshi atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, ariko nako ibibazo bishingiye ku gutotezwa kw’Abatutsi barushagaho gufata indi ntera.

Ubufasha bw’Abafaransa bwatumye ingabo za FAR za Leta ya Habyarimana ziyongera cyane mu mubare kuko zavuye ku 5000 mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1990, zigera ku 20,000 mbere y’impera z’uwo mwaka.

Nyuma y’amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha yo mu 1993, u Bufaransa bwakuyeho igice kinini cy’ingabo zabwo mu Rwanda ariko busigamo abajyanama mu ngabo z’igihugu no mu mutwe warindaga Habyarimana.

Igihe jenoside yatangiraga muri Mata 1994 nyuma y’urupfu rwa Habyarimana, u Bufaransa bwatangije Operasiyo Turquoise muri Kamena. Iyo operasiyo ikunze kuvugwaho ko ahanini yakingiye ikibaba bamwe mu bayobozi ba Leta y’Abatabazi bari bagize uruhare muri jenoside, bikabafasha guhungira muri Zaire nta nkomyi, hagamijwe ko bakwisuganya bakongera gutera, bakisubiza igihugu.

Kuba ingabo z’Abafaransa zari mu Rwanda hagati ya 1990 na 1994, aho zanagize uruhare mu gutoza n’Interahamwe zakoreye Jenoside Abatutsi, ni kimwe mu bintu byakomeje kugarukwaho cyane mu mateka y’u Rwanda yo muri biriya bihe.