Ubufaransa iyo bubishaka bwariguhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Kuva 1990 kugeza 1993, Jean Varret yari umuyobozi wubutumwa bwubufatanye bwa gisirikare. Yabonye ibimenyetso byubwicanyi bwari bugiye kuba mu Rwanda, agerageza kubirwanya ariko ntiyumva. Ndetse yari ku ruhande. Ibi nibyo abwira RFI dukesha iyi nkuru.

IKIGANIRO YAGIRANYE NA RFI

RFI: Perezida Emmanuel Macron yemera ko Ubufaransa bwashoboraga guhagarika ubwicanyi mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ariko bukaba butari bufite ubushake.

Ntabwo wari ukiriho igihe jenoside yatangiraga, ariko wavuga ko mugihe cyo kuva 1990 kugeza 1993, ubwo wari umuyobozi wubutumwa bwubufatanye bwa gisirikare mu Rwanda, iyaba abayobozi batanze amabwiriza akwiye, warushoboye guhagarika uburyo bwa jenoside.

Jenerali Jean Varret: Nibyo rwose. Kubera ko Ubufaransa bwari hafi cyane yu Rwanda kandi ba perezida bombi bakundanaga kandi bavugana kuri terefone. Ariko, witonde, byari kuba ngombwa gutangira hakiri kare, ni ukuvuga guhera 1989, 1990 … Amatariki gahunda ya jenoside yashyizweho buhoro buhoro. Ariko ndatekereza ko, guhera mu ntangiriro, ahagana mu 1989-1990, Ubufaransa, niba bwari buzi neza ingaruka za jenoside, bwashoboraga kwemeza Habyarimana guhindura inzira.

Ese icyo gihe ibimenyetso byari bisobanutse neza ko hashobora kubaho itsembabwoko?

Ibi bimenyetso byasobanutse kubantu bake. Umuyobozi w’ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare afite ibihugu 26 kandi, muri buri gihugu, hari umukoloneli. Ku bijyanye n’u Rwanda, hari umukoloneli witwa René Galinie, kandi uyu mugwaneza yari amaze imyaka ibiri ku butegetsi igihe natangira imirimo mu 1990.

Yamenye rero u Rwanda cyane kandi yari yarabonye vuba ibimenyetso  byerekana ko hashobora gushyigikirwa Politiki y’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda. Yabimbwiye nkimara gutangira imirimo, binyuze mu nyandiko, guhamagara kuri telefoni, n’ibindi. Nagiyeyo vuba vuba, mbere yimpera za 1990. Kandi  yansobanuriye – byumvikane neza – birenze urugero politiki yacu yubufaransa.

Rero, yari asanzwe abizi cyane kandi ngomba kuvuga ko ibitekerezo bye byanyemeje. Nasubiye inyuma inshuro nyinshi. Ntekereza ko mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu, nagiye mu Rwanda inshuro enye. Igihe cyose, nashoboye kubona ko René Galinié yari afite ukuri.

Ni iki mubyukuri René Galinié yakubwiye kubyerekeye ingaruka zabayeho?

René Galinié yambwiye ko ubutegetsi bw’Abahutu bwahindutse ingufu z’igitugu kandi atekereza ko abatutsi ari abanzi b’Abahutu. Icyakora, Galinié, kare cyane, yambwiye ko guverinoma y’Ubufaransa – neza, itsinda ry’ubuyobozi bw’Ubufaransa – ibona, nk’Abahutu, ko abatutsi ari abanzi.

Galinié, kuri ibyo, yanyemeje vuba ko politiki y’Ubufaransa ifata abatutsi nkabanzi bayo atari amakosa. Kugeza ku munsi, kare cyane mubyukuri, hafi y’urugendo rwa kabiri nakoze, igihe umuyobozi mukuru yansabye kujya mu nama yari yarashyizeho abajandarume.

Ngaho, umuyobozi w’abajandarume, Rwagafilita runaka, yansabye imbunda za mashini, za minisiteri … Noneho, naravuze nti: “Ariko ubufatanye bw’igisirikare cy’Ubufaransa ntabwo buhari kugira ngo habeho abajandarume nk’ingabo! Niteguye kuguha amakoti atagira amasasu, ingofero, grenade ya gaze kandi nkomeza kugutoza kubungabunga umutekano, murugamba, wenda, kurwanya imyigaragambyo, niba hari, cyane cyane abatutsi, ariko rwose ntabwo ari intwaro zintambara! »Kubera guhangana n’ibisubizo byanjye byumye, umuyobozi mukuru yavuze ko inama yarangiye kandi umuyobozi w’abajandarume yansabye kumbona imbona nkubone, niba nabyemeye.

Aho ngaho, yambwiye akonje ati: “Umva, ndamutse ngusabye izo ntwaro zica, izo ntwaro z’intambara, ni ukubera ko tugiye kwitabira, twe abajandarume, hamwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda, ingabo z’Abahutu, mu iseswa y’Abatutsi bose. »“ Niki, ndavuga, abatutsi bose? »“ Yego, abagore, abana, abasaza, abari aho bose. Ntugire ikibazo, bizagenda byihuse, ntago ari byinshi cyane. » Yakoresheje aya magambo: “Tugiye kugira uruhare mu iseswa ry’abatutsi bose. »

Yego, iyo niyo nteruro nyayo, ndacyabyibuka. Kandi interuro yuzuzanya: “Ntugire ikibazo, bizakorwa vuba. Ntabwo ari benshi cyane. » Urimo kumenyesha Paris iki kiganiro?

Biragaragara rero ko nafashe indege nyuma yamasaha make nsubira mubufaransa. Nahise nsaba kubonana na Habyarimana ubwe, perezida, wari umaze kunyakira ansaba umusanzu utandukanye w’intwaro n’abandi, ansaba kongera ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare.

Nasabye kumubona njya kureba ambasaderi, witwaga Bwana Martre icyo gihe, mubwira ibyo nari maze kumva nsaba kujya kureba Habyarimana. Ambasaderi yarambwiye ati: “Genda, nta mwanya wo kugenda, sinshobora. »Ndabona Habyarimana, atari ku ngoro, ahubwo iwe, kuko bwari bwije.

Ndavuga ibyo Rwagafilita yambwiye gusa. Hanyuma arahaguruka, ararakara, arambwira ati: “Uwo muswa yakubwiye? »Buri gihe interuro nyayo… Ndavuga nti“ Yego! ” »” Nibyo, nzabisiba. ” »Ubwa mbere, ntabwo yasizwe ubusa. Sinzi niba yararakaye kuko Rwagafilita yagurishije umushinga wibanga cyangwa, gusa, kubera ko yatekerezaga ko atari ahantu he ho kuvuga ngo … Sinzi, ariko, neza, yararakaye. Mu ndege, nanditse telegaramu, ingabo zirwanira mu ibanga TD, nandikira minisitiri wanjye – kuri Minisitiri w’ingabo – ndetse n’abakozi bwite ba perezida.

Ni ibihe bitekerezo wahawe n’abayobozi b’Abafaransa kuri iyi telegaramu ya diplomasi?

Nta na kimwe. Nta gisubizo. Ntawe umbwira ko nibeshye. Ntabwo bambwira ko ari ibinyoma. Ikigaragara ni uko ibi tutabizirikana. Ndavuga “ikigaragara”. Ariko iyi telegaramu yarasomwe kuko, hashize igihe kinini, umwe mubasomyi yarambwiye. Hari ibindi bihe byaguteye ubwoba?

Yego, kubera ko nyuma yaho, ubwo nasubiraga mu Rwanda cyangwa igihe nashyikiranaga na Galinié, ubwicanyi bw’abatutsi bwatangiye, cyane cyane mu majyaruguru y’iburasirazuba bw’igihugu, ni ukuvuga mu gihome cy’abahutu b’intagondwa.

Hanyuma mu majyepfo, kandi byanagize ingaruka ku bahutu bashyira mu gaciro. Ubwicanyi rero bwaragwiriye. Muri icyo gihe, igitutu cy’abakozi bwite ba perezida w’Ubufaransa cyarushijeho kunsubiza kugira ngo nsubize neza ibyifuzo by’ingabo zashimangira ubufatanye. Uku kwivuguruza kwombi kwanyeretse ko ibintu byari bikomeye cyane.

Amakuru yose ufite bivuze ko abategetsi i Paris bari bazi ibihabera?

Sinzi niba bazi  ibihabera. Nibyiza, Galinié nanjye narabivuze. Twabivuze mu magambo, mu gice cy’ibibazo, kandi twabivuze mu nyandiko. Ariko ntitwemera. Ndatekereza ko yaba Galinié, cyangwa njye, ndetse n’umwanditsi wo muri Quai d’Orsay witwa Antoine Anfré [Antoine Anfré kuva yagirwa ambasaderi w’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda, muri Kamena 2021, inyandiko ya Muhinduzi]. Uyu mwanditsi yari yarabyumvise, ariko ntiyumva. Jye na Galinié ntabwo twigeze twumva. Ndibwira ko twari muri bake, cyane muri bake kuburyo amajwi yacu atigeze yumvikana.

Mubyukuri, mugihe cyinama zishami ryibibazo witabiriyr, niyihe myifatire ukomeza kandi niyihe ikaze wakiriye?

Rero, mu bice by’ibibazo, hari uhagarariye Quai d’Orsay, uhagarariye ingabo, uhagarariye ubufatanye (muri rusange, ni njye) hanyuma uhagarariye Élysée, umuyobozi w’abakozi (cyangwa ibye depite) w’abakozi bwite ba perezida.

Muri izo nama, twaganiriye ku ruhare, gushimangira, ubufasha dukwiye guha guverinoma y’u Rwanda mu kurwanya Abatutsi. Nanjye, buri gihe, naravuze nti “Oya, nta mpamvu yo kuboherereza izindi mbunda. Oya, ntitugomba kuboherereza imbunda nyinshi, nibindi ” .

Nyuma yigihe gito, imbogamizi zanjye ntizongeye kwitabwaho. Ibinyuranye nibyo, uburenganzira umuyobozi w’ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare yakuweho, ni ukuvuga mu bihugu biri mu murima, abasirikare bose bari ku rubuga baramutunga.

Uku niko imitwe idasanzwe yari mu nkambi yo mu Rwanda, ishinzwe guhugura abakada b’abahutu, namenye ko iyi mitwe idasanzwe, nabitegetswe, yagiye gukora iperereza muri Uganda yambuka umupaka ntabinyemereye. Ntabwo rero ndabasakuza gusa, ahubwo ndatanga amakuru mvuga ko bitemewe ko iki gice cyarenze amategeko yanjye. Iyo ngarutse i Paris, mfite telegaramu ku meza yanjye ivuga ko imitwe idasanzwe yashyizwe mu nkambi ya Gabiro itakiri munsi yawe.

Buhoro buhoro,  buhoro, ndumva ko ntarimo numva gusa, ahubwo ko ndi munzira. Ntabwo nongeye guhamagarwa mubice bishinzwe ibibazo. Iyo ntahari, bamwe baravuze bati: “witondere Varret”, mu yandi magambo, ntukamutege amatwi. Mbere y’umwaka wa gatatu urangiye, minisitiri yagize ipfunwe ryinshi, yarambwiye

ati: “Mperutse kumenya ko ushyizwe mu maboko ya Minisitiri w’ingabo, ko uvuye mu mirimo yawe kandi ko uzasimburwa n’ibi jenerali. »Nahamagaye Defence ambwira ati:“ Mu byukuri, ugiye kugirwa guverineri w’ingabo mu majyaruguru y’Ubufaransa. »Kandi ndavuga nti oya, sinshaka, ntabwo numvise, ndasaba kwegura.

Kwegura kwanjye kwagombaga gusinywa na perezida. Perezida yanze kunsinyira maze ampamagara kuri Élysée inshuro ebyiri ambwira ati: “Sinshaka ko wegura. »Ndambiwe kubwiriza mu butayu, ndambiwe kutumvwa no kutizera, ndambiwe gusunikwa ku ruhande, nagiye umwaka umwe mbere ya jenoside kandi mfunga ku bushake amakuru yose nari mfite, ndafunga [mpagarika] kugira ngo nshishikarire u Rwanda .

Usibye ko, igihe itsembabwoko ryatangiraga, nagerageje kuvugana na Perezida Mitterrand, ibyo nabikoze nkoresheje umuhuza. Kandi namutumye kuvuga ati: “Kuki utazirikanye telegaramu zanjye? »Kandi igisubizo cya Mitterrand, cyahise:” Sinabonye telegaramu zawe. “Ni ukuri cyangwa ni ibinyoma? Sinzi, ariko kubwanjye, niko birangira.

Ninde wakunze gukuraho ibyo wasubije muri ibi biganiro byibice?

Ningomba kuvuga, bike muri buri wese, ariko, rwose, mbere na mbere, abakozi ba perezida. Kuki, mubitekerezo byawe, imiburo watanze ntiyigeze yumvira?

Ndatekereza gusa ko ntari numvise. Kuberako nabonye ko, mumanama yibibazo, abantu bose bari kumurongo umwe. Nukuvuga Quai d’Orsay, Defence, abakozi bakuru bigenga. Binyuze muri ibyo bice bitatu niho ibibazo byumurima byakemuwe. Ntabwo numvise kuko ibigo bitatu navuze byose byari kumurongo umwe na Perezida Mitterrand. Kandi Perezida Mitterrand yari yaransobanuriye, mu myaka mike mbere yaho, muri Afurika, politiki ye yo muri Afurika icyo ari cyo.

Politiki y’Afurika yari iyo kwemerera Ubufaransa kugira, muri Loni, ibihugu byatoye nkibyo, icyo twise “ibihugu by’umurima”, bityo bikagira uburemere kuri Amerika. Amerika. Ku bijyanye n’u Rwanda, Perezida Mitterrand yifuzaga rwose ko u Rwanda rukomeza kuvuga Igifaransa, binyuze mu Abahutu, kubera ko babangamiwe n’Abangilikofone, abatutsi bafite ibikoresho, bitwaje intwaro kandi batojwe n’Abongereza n’Abasajya.

Kuberako nibutse ko Kagame, perezida uriho, yagiye mwishuri ryintambara ryabanyamerika akajya mumashuri yicyongereza muri Uganda. Iki nicyo gitekerezo Perezida w’Ubufaransa François Mitterrand yagize ku kibazo cy’u Rwanda?

Nibyo, kandi nta wundi muntu utari njye, icyo gihe, ku rwego rwanjye, nta muntu wabwiye perezida ko ku Rwanda, iyi politiki ishobora guteza ibiza. Abantu bose bavuze ibyo Mitterrand yashakaga kumva.

Hari icyifuzo cyo gushimisha igikomangoma, uratekereza? Cyangwa birashoboka ko byatewe nuko hari ukwemera kwagiye mu cyerekezo kimwe na Perezida Mitterrand.

Mubyukuri byombi. Haracyariho kwemeza ko Mitterrand yari afite ukuri. Hanyuma, igice ntashobora gusuzuma, igice cya sycophancy. Byari bigoye kubwira perezida ko tutemeranya. Ndibwira ko perezida yari afite ubutware budashidikanywaho na charisma runaka bivuze ko abamukikije batinyutse kumubwira ko agiye munzira mbi.

Jenerali Jean Varret