U Rwanda rwizeye ikoranabuhanga rya ‘hydroponic fodder’ mu kongera umukamo w’amata

Mu karere ka Nyagatare, umukamo w’amata ugabanuka uva ku biro 90,000 ukagera ku biro 40,000 ku munsi mu bihe by’impeshyi.

Umukozi atunganya imashini mu karere ka Nyagatare. Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iterambere ry’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (RAB) kirimo gushyira aborozi n’abikorera mu buhinzi bw’ibihingwa bya hydroponic.

Mu rwego rwo kongera ubuso buteyeho ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibiryo by’amatungo buvuye kuri hegitari 32,000 zikagera kuri hegitari 87,000, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Iterambere ry’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (RAB) kirimo gushyira aborozi n’abikorera mu buhinzi bw’ibihingwa bya hydroponic.

Ubu buryo bugamije gukemura ikibazo cy’ibiryo n’ubwatsi bw’amatungo, bityo bukongera umukamo w’amata no kurengera amatungo mato mu bihe by’impeshyi mu myaka itanu iri imbere.

Uburyo bwo guhinga bwa hydroponic burimo guterwa inkunga mu gihe u Rwanda rwitegura gufungura uruganda rwa mbere rukora ifu y’amata mu karere ka Nyagatare muri iki cyumweru, aho bizasaba kongera umukamo w’amata. Ibiryo by’amatungo bikomoka ku buhinzi bwa hydroponic bihingwa hifashishijwe imbuto zidahingwa mu butaka kandi hakoreshejwe amazi make.

Mu gihe cy’iminsi itandatu kugera ku irindwi, imbuto ziramera, zikaba imashini zifite uburebure bwa santimetero 30-35 kandi zitanga ibiryo by’amatungo bifite intungamubiri nyinshi.

Uburyo bukoresha gushyira imbuto zahiswemo mu mageri atavanzemo ubutaka no kuzimenaho amazi arimo intungamubiri mu bihe biri hagati. Ntabwo hakenewe amashanyarazi mu gikorwa cyo guhinga, ariko ikintu cy’ingenzi ni isoko y’amazi meza.

Ubu buryo bugamije gukemura ikibazo cy’ibiryo n’ubwatsi bw’amatungo, bityo bukongera umukamo w’amata no kurengera amatungo mato mu bihe by’impeshyi mu myaka itanu iri imbere.

Nyuma y’iminsi irindwi, ubwatsi buba bwiteguye kugaburirwa amatungo, aho igihingwa cyose (imizi, amababi, n’imbuto) kiba kiribwa, bityo ububiko ntibubeho. Bikenera mililitiro 800 kugera ku litiro imwe y’amazi mu gukora ikiro kimwe cy’ibiryo by’amatungo, ugereranyije na litiro 80-90 zikenerwa mu guhinga ikiro kimwe cy’ubwatsi butohagiye mu butaka.

Iri koranabuhanga ni igice cya Gahunda ya 5 y’Igenamigambi ryo Kuvugurura Ubuhinzi (PSTA5), izatangira mu 2024. Mupenzi Mutimura, umushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’ibiryo by’amatungo n’inyamanswa muri RAB, yasobanuye ko kubera kubahiriza gahunda ya leta yo kutororera mu biraro, hakenewe cyane kongera umusaruro w’ibiryo n’ubwatsi.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe hagamijwe kumenya ubwoko bw’ibiryo by’amatungo bukwiranye n’akarere k’ubuhinzi bwegereye ibidukikije mu gihugu hose.

Ubu hariho ubwoko 31 bw’ibiryo by’amatungo bituruka ku bishyimbo n’ubundi bwoko burenga 20 buturuka ku mbuto, aho ubwoko icyenda buhingwa ku gipimo kinini n’aborozi bafite ubutaka buto binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rya hydroponic.

Mutimura yagaragaje ko ibiryo by’amatungo by’ubwoko bwa hydroponic byongera ubudahangarwa kandi bikongera umukamo w’amata n’umusaruro w’inyama kubera ko bifite poroteyine nyinshi. Ibikoresho byo guhinga ibiryo bya hydroponic byashyizweho mu turere twa Ngoma, Rwamagana, Gicumbi, Nyabihu, Rubavu, Kayonza na Gatsibo. Nubwo umusaruro w’ibiryo bya hydroponic ukiri muke, hari intambwe iri guterwa.

Intego ni uguhaza 85% by’ibiryo by’amatungo, aho ibiryo bya hydroponic bizagira uruhare runini. Ubu buhinga kandi bufasha kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva ku matungo.

Urwego rw’ubuhinzi ni rwo soko y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu Rwanda, biterwa no gutemba kw’ibiryo mu nda no gucunga imyanda y’amatungo. Igihugu cyiyemeje kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 30% hibandwa ku rwego rw’ubuhinzi.

Jackson Karara, umuyobozi wa Koperative Uruhimbi Kageyo mu karere ka Gicumbi, yavuze ko kuva mu mwaka wa 2020, batanze ibiryo bya hydroponic ku borozi mu turere turindwi bifashishije igishoro cya miliyoni 12 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.

Uyu munsi bakorera aborozi barenga 300 ariko bakeneye inkunga y’amafaranga kugira ngo babashe kwaguka. Koperative igurisha ibiryo bya hydroponic ku biciro bitandukanye bitewe n’itungo: amafaranga 80 kugeza kuri 120 ku kiro ku nka, amafaranga 180 ku ngurube, inkwavu, ihene, n’intama, amafaranga 260 ku nkoko, n’amafaranga 330 ku mafi.

Ibiryo byegeranwa mu byiciro bitandukanye bitewe n’amatungo: iminsi ine ku nkoko, iminsi itandatu ku ngurube, inkwavu, ihene, n’intama, iminsi itatu ku mafi, n’iminsi irindwi ku nka.

Koperative kandi yatoje urubyiruko rusaga 150, harimo abafite ubumuga, impunzi, n’abagore, ndetse n’abahinzi 2,000 ku buhinzi bw’ibiryo bya hydroponic mu rwego rwo gutanga akazi. Karara yibukije ko ibiryo bitoshye byongera umukamo w’amata umwaka wose kandi ubu buhinga bushobora kugaburira inka 10 mu buso bwa metero kare 12 gusa.

Karara yavuze ko kubaka uruganda rukora ibiryo bya hydroponic bihendwa hagati ya miliyoni 1.5 na miliyoni 2.5 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kandi rukamara imyaka irindwi, harimo n’igiciro cyo kwigisha. Hari ubushake bwinshi ku biryo bya hydroponic, bigasaba ishoramari ryisumbuyeho n’inguzanyo zifite inyungu nto. Umushinga wabo wafashije kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva ku matungo ku kigero cya 42%.

Ibyiza ku borozi bo mu duce twibasirwa n’amapfa

Francis Nkurunziza, umworozi wo mu murenge wa Mwogo mu karere ka Bugesera, yavuze ukuntu amapfa yaramutse kuva mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi kugeza mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 2021 yagabanije umukamo w’amata ku kigero cya 50% kandi yatumye apfusha inka esheshatu. Kubera kubura uburyo bwo kuhira, ubwatsi bwari bwaratewe nti bwashoboye kubaho, bitera amakimbirane mu borozi kubera umutungo muke. Ibiryo bya hydroponic byari gushobora kugabanya aya makuba.

Mu karere ka Nyagatare, umukamo w’amata ugabanuka uva ku biro 90,000 ukagera ku biro 40,000 ku munsi mu bihe by’impeshyi, bikazamura ibiciro by’amata.

Samuel Kayumba, umworozi w’amata wo mu karere ka Nyagatare, yavuze ko umukamo w’amata we wavuye kuri litiro 50 ku munsi mu gihe cy’imvura ukagera kuri litiro 30 mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga kubera amapfa. Ariko Clementine Mukangarambe, umworozi wo mu karere ka Rwamagana, yavuze ko ibiryo bya hydroponic byikubye kabiri umukamo w’inka ye kuva kuri litiro eshanu.

Ibiryo bya hydroponic bitanga umuti urambye ku kibazo cy’ibiryo by’amatungo n’ibibazo by’umukamo w’amata, cyane cyane mu duce twibasirwa n’amapfa, bigira uruhare mu ivugurura ry’ubuhinzi mu Rwanda no mu kurwanya ihindagurika ry’ikirere.