Ibikorwa by’itegurwa rya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse n’amatariki byakoreweho

Mu mezi atatu gusa guhera tariki 7 Mata 1994, u Rwanda rwinjiye mu gitabo kibi cy’amateka y’Isi ubwo Abatutsi guhera ku ruhinja kugeza ku mukambwe bahigwaga mu bukware bazira uko bavutse, muri Jenoside ya mbere ku Isi yakoranywe ubukana n’imitegurire ihambaye.

Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya Jenoside, CNLG, iherutse gushimangira ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itabaye impanuka, ishingiye ku bimenyetso simusiga byakusanyirijwe mu gitabo gishya giherutse gusohoka cyiswe “Rwanda 1991-1994: Itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda”.

Muri icyo gitabo, hagaragaramo uburyo Jenoside yatangiye gutegurwa mu 1990 ubwo Ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zatangizaga urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, Leta ya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal aho kumva ibibazo yerekwaga igatangira kwihimura ku Batutsi bari imbere mu gihugu, no kubegekaho kuba nyirabayazana w’ibibazo byose cyari gifite aho guhangana n’ibibazo uko biri.

Twifashishije igitabo cya CNLG, twakusanyije amwe mu matariki y’ingenzi yaranze itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Igitabo cya CNLG kigaragaza ko mu ijoro ryo ku wa 4 Gashyantare 1991, abaparakomando bo mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Bigogwe barashe mu kirere umwanya munini mu ijoro, bagira ngo babeshye ko batewe n’ingabo za FPR. Ni igikorwa bari bateguye bashaka urwitwazo ku bwicanyi bwari bugiye gukurikiraho.

Bukeye bw’aho, abo basirikare bakwirakwiye mu ngo z’Abatutsi, bicamo benshi nyuma yo kubakorera ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo muri Segiteri Kanzenze bavuga ko bahishe abarwanyi ba FPR.

Komisiyo mpuzamahanga yarabigaragaje muri raporo yayo yo mu 1993 isobanura ko abishwe bari bamenaguwe impanga n’inzasaya, amasura yahindanyijwe, baviriranye, bagaragaraho imihiririmbya, inkovu z’ibintu bari bagiye bahondagurwa, ibikomere bitandukanye ndetse n’ibimenyetso by’uko barashwe. Hishwe abasaga 300.

Komisiyo Mpuzamahanga muri Mutarama 1993 yakoze icukumbura ku bwicanyi bwakorewe mu Rwanda, ivumbura ibyobo byinshi byari byaragiye bijugunywamo imirambo y’Abatutsi b’Abagogwe bicwaga n’ubutegetsi bwariho. Icukumbura ryakozwe ryagaragaje ko muri Werurwe 1991 honyine hishwe Abatutsi 277 muri Gisenyi na Ruhengeri. Iyi Komisiyo yagaragaje ko abenshi muri abo bishwe bari abantu bakiri bato.

Ku itariki 18 Werurwe 1991, Umuyobozi w’Ibiro by’iperereza muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, Munyangoga Eugène, yanditse raporo asaba guha intwaro abaturage bo muri iyo Perefegitura, ayoherereza umuyobozi mukuru we i Kigali.

Muri iyo raporo, Munyangoga avuga ko urubyiruko rufite hagati y’imyaka 18 na 25 rufite imbaraga n’ibigango, ngo rwagombye guhabwa imyitozo ya gisirikare hifashishijwe abategetsi bo mu nzego z’ibanze. Raporo ikomeza ivuga ko nyuma y’iyo myitozo, urwo rubyiruko rugomba kugaruka iwabo ku ivuko, rugahabwa intwaro, ariko rugakomeza kwambara imyenda isanzwe.
Ibihe bya 1990-1993 byaranzwe no gutoza abagombaga kuzashyira mu bikorwa umugambi wo kurimbura Abatutsi wari umaze iminsi utegurwa
Munyangoga yavuze ko bizagira akamaro cyane mu kunganira ubutegetsi bwa Leta n’igisirikare byongeye ko nta mushahara izabatangaho. Yavuze ko igikorwa nk’icyo ngo kizaca intege Inkotanyi.

Tariki ya 8 Mutarama 1992, amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe n’ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi rya MRND yakoresheje imyigaragambyo mu Mujyi wa Kigali, Butare na Gitarama. Ayo mashyaka yamaganaga uburyo Perezida Habyarimana n’ishyaka rye bari bakomeje kubangamira ibiganiro ku mishyikirano y’amahoro no kugabana ubutegetsi yaberaga Arusha muri Tanzania, kandi Habyarimana yari yaremeye ko agiye guhindura Guverinoma akanashyiramo abo mu mashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na MRND.

Habyarimana icyo gihe koko yahinduye Guverinoma ku itariki 30 Ukuboza 1991 ayishinga Minisitiri w’Intebe Sylvestre Nsanzimana, ariko ba Minisitiri hafi ya bose bashyizwemo bari abo muri MRND, usibye umwe gusa, Gaspard Ruhumuriza, wakomokaga mu Ishyaka rya PDC.

Mu guhangana n’iyi myigaragambyo y’amashyaka, Perezida Habyarimana yategetse ko hatoranywa abasore b’Abahutu b’intarumikwa bo muri MRND, bagahabwa imyitozo n’imbunda zo kujya bahangana n’abo yitaga Ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Hatanzwe intwaro zirenga 300, zagiye zikoreshwa mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi n’urugomo.

Ishyaka ryiyise Coalition pour la défense de la République (CDR) ryagize uruhare runini cyane mu bukangurambaga bwa Jenoside, haba mu kuyitegura no gushishikariza Abahutu gushyira hamwe bakica Abatutsi.

Igitekerezo cyo gushinga CDR cyatangiriye mu nama zitandukanye zabereye mu yari Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda, Ishami rya Nyakinama, zateranye ku wa 22 Ukuboza 1991, ku wa 5 Mutarama 1992 no ku wa 17 Mutarama 1992. Izi nama zahuje Agatsiko k’intagondwa z’Abahutu b’intiti bakoraga mu buyobozi bw’inzego zitandukanye za Leta zakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, bari bahujwe n’urwango ku Batutsi.

Ku itariki 22 Gashyantare 1992, inama yo kwemeza ishingwa rya CDR yateraniye muri Hotel Village Urugwiro i Kigali ihuza abantu icumi b’intagondwa batangaza ku mugaragaro ko bashinze CDR), bivuze Impuzamugambi ziharanira Repubulika.

Ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 4 rishyira ku wa 5 Werurwe 1992 ryaranzwe n’ubwicanyi bukomeye bw’Abatutsi mu Bugesera. Ubu bwicanyi bwakozwe n’interahamwe zifatanyije n’abasirikare barindaga umukuru w’Igihugu n’abasirikare bo mu Kigo cya Gisirikare cya Gako.

Hishwe Abatutsi basaga 500, inzu zirasenywa izindi ziratwika, amatungo aricwa andi arasahurwa naho abasaga ibihumbi 16 bava mu byabo.

Tariki 19 Mutarama 1993: Bagosora yavuze ko agiye gutegura imperuka y’Abatutsi

Ku itariki ya 9 Mutarama 1993, ni bwo Arusha muri Tanzania hemejwe igice cy’amasezerano y’amahoro kirebana no gusaranganya ubutegetsi. Colonel Bagosora Théoneste wari mu ntumwa z’u Rwanda muri iyo nama, ntiyemeye ibyavuyemo, yasohotse arakaye aravuga ngo “Ndatashye ngiye gutegura imperuka”.

Colonel Bagosora akimara kugaruka i Kigali, yakoresheje inama zitandukanye na bagenzi be b‘intagondwa, barimo abasirikare bakuru bashinga Ishyirahamwe ry’abicanyi mu Ngabo z’u Rwanda baryita AMASASU. Iri shyirahamwe ryayoborwaga na Bagosora, rikaba ryarabaye ku isonga yo gukwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu ngabo z’u Rwanda no gukangurira abasirikare kutazemera kubana n’Inkotanyi, ahubwo bakitegura kurimbura Abatutsi kuko ngo Abatutsi bari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi.

Ku wa 14 Mutarama 1993: MRND yemeje ko amashyaka y’intagondwa ahabwa imyanya muri Guverinoma

MRND yagize iti “Niba rero ayo masezerano agenewe kunga Abanyarwanda, Inkotanyi nizemere CDR. Ko zivuga ko ari we mwanzi, nizemere PECO, PADER na PARERWA kuko zivuga ko ari inshuti z’umwanzi MRND. Abavuye mu byabo Ngulinzira ntabibuka, ayo masezerano atibuka imbabare z’iwabo muri Butaro amariye iki Abanyarwanda?”

Igitabo cya CNLG kivuga ko gushaka kwinjiza CDR muri Guverinoma byari bigamije kuburizamo ishyirwaho rya Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho no korohereza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside.

Bukeye ku wa 15 Mutarama 1993, MRND yasohoye irindi tangazo yise “Uburiganya mu masezerano ya Arusha”. MRND yongeye kwibasira Minisitiri Boniface Ngulinzira wari uhagarariye intumwa z’u Rwanda mu masezerano ya Arusha, ivuga ko icyo agamije nta kindi uretse gushyira u Rwanda mu maboko y’Inkotanyi.

Ku wa 19 Mutarama 1993: Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi henshi mu gihugu

Ku itariki 10 Mutarama 1993, Arusha muri Tanzania haberaga imishyikirano y’amahoro hagati ya FPR-Inkotanyi na Guverinoma y’u Rwanda hashyizwe umukono ku gice cy’amasezerano cyagenaga uburyo bwo kugabana ubutegetsi. Ishyaka rya MRND ryahise ritegeka abayoboke baryo gukora imyigaragambyo yo kwamagana ibyemeranyijweho muri ayo masezerano.

Imyigaragambyo yabaye myinshi mu mijyi minini kandi ikorerwamo urugomo rukomeye ku Batutsi n’abahutu bo mu mashyaka ataravugaga rumwe na MRND. Hakurikiyeho ibikorwa byo kwica Abatutsi ahantu hatandukanye cyane cyane mu Ruhengeri, Gisenyi, Byumba muri Komini Tumba, Kibuye muri Komini Rutsiro no muri Kigali Ngali i Bumbogo na Buliza.

Tariki 2 Gashyantare 1993: Hakozwe urutonde rw’Abatutsi n’Abahutu batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi mu gihugu hose

Tariki ya 2 Gashyantare 1993, Minisitiri w’Intebe, Dr Nsengiyaremye Dismas, yandikiye Minisitiri w’ingabo, James Gasana wo mu Ishyaka MRND rya Perezida, ibaruwa yo kwirinda hashingiwe ku ngamba zafashwe n’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’ingabo zohererejwe amashami yose zisaba ko hatangwa urutonde rw’ibyitso byose bya FPR. Izi ngamba zari zigamije gushishikariza ingabo gukora urutonde rw’Abatutsi n’Abahutu batavuga rumwe na Leta kugira ngo bazabatsembe igihe nikigera.Habyarimana n’ingabo ze bagize uruhare runini mu itegurwa rya Jenoside no kuyigerageza mu bice bitandukanye nka Bigogwe, Bugesera, Ruhengeri n’ahandi

Mu ibaruwa ye, Minisitiri w’Intebe yasabaga Minisitiri w’Ingabo guhagarika icyo yise ‘umuhigo ku bapfumu’ agategeka ko intonde zose zari zaramaze gukorwa zafatwa zigashyikirizwa Minisiteri y’ubutabera kugira ngo ingamba zikwiriye zifatwe.

Igisirikare ntacyo cyigeze gikora kuri ubwo busabe bwa Minisitiri w’Intebe ahubwo cyakomeje gukora urutonde rw’Abatutsi n’Abahutu batavuga rumwe na Leta kugira ngo bazabice.

Tariki 31 Mutarama 1993: Minisitiri Ngulinzira yakuwe mu biganiro by’amahoro

Kuva tariki ya 31 Mutarama 1993 kugeza tariki ya 13 Gashyantare 1993, bitegetswe na Perezida Habyarimana, ku gitutu yotswaga na Colonel Bagosora, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Boniface Ngulinzira, yakuwe ku kuba umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’intumwa z’u Rwanda mu biganiro by’amahoro asimbuzwa Minisitiri w’Ingabo James Gasana.

Muri icyo gihe, ibiganiro byagombaga kwibanda ku guhuza ingabo, kandi intagondwa zikaba zitarashakaga Ngulinzira kubera ko yari umunyakuri waharaniraga ko Inkotanyi zinjizwa mu buyobozi bw’igihugu kandi ibibazo byose bya politiki bigakemurwa hakoreshejwe ubwumvikane.

Igurwa rya toni 581 z’imihoro yakoreshejwe muri Jenoside

Muri Gashyantare 1994, umukozi wa sosiyete CHILLINGTON yemeje ko sosiyete yabo yari imaze kugurisha u Rwanda mu mezi make, imihoro myinshi iruta kure ubwinshi iyo bari baratumije mu mwaka wose wa 1993.

Impapuro zisaba impushya zo kuzana ibintu mu gihugu zasuzumwe na Human Rights Watch hagati ya Mutarama 1993 na Werurwe 1994, zigaragaza ko toni 581 z’imihoro zinjijwe mu Rwanda. Iyo mihoro yatumijwe yose hamwe ku giciro cya miliyoni 95 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, yatanzwe n’umunyemali Kabuga Félicien.

Kugura no gukwirakwiza imihoro ku baturage b’abasivili bari barahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare byari biri muri gahunda yo kwirwanaho kwa gisivili (auto-defense civile) yagaragaye mu ikayi (agenda) ya Bagosora. Hari handitswe ko bamwe mu banyamuryango b’iyi gahunda bagombaga kubona imbunda abandi bakabona intwaro zoroheje zirimo n’imihoro.

Tariki 8 Mutarama 1994: Imyigaragambyo y’Interahamwe i Kigali

Ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1994, inzego z’iperereza z’u Bubiligi zanditse inyandiko y’ibanga yerekana ko ku itariki ya 7 z’uko kwezi, hari inama yabereye ku cyicaro gikuru cya MRND yahuje Perezida wa MRND, Matayo Ngirumpatse; Minisitiri w’Ingabo, Augustin Bizimana; Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo, Gen Nsabimana Deogratias; Umugaba Mukuru wa Jandarumori, Gen Augustin Ndindiriyimana; Robert Kajuga, Umuyobozi w’Interahamwe ku rwego rw’Igihugu n’abandi bajandarume bakuru n’abasirikare.

Hemejwe ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda itagomba kwereka ingabo z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zari mu Rwanda (MINUAR) aho intwaro za Leta zihishe, ko ahubwo bagomba kuzimura zikajyanwa kubikwa mu ngo z’abasirikare n’abajandarume bakuru, bibona muri MRND, kandi bashyigikiye Interahamwe.

Iyi nama yakurikiwe n’imyigaragambyo mibi cyane ku wa 8 Mutarama 1994 mu Mujyi wa Kigali yitabiriwe n’abayobozi ba Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali n’abasirikare bo mu mutwe wari ushinzwe kurinda Perezida Habyarimana bambaye imyenda ya gisivili. Bakoreye urugomo abantu benshi bakoresheje za gerenade, indembo n’ibindi bikoresho by’ubugome.

Ku wa 12 Mutarama 1994: Herekanywe ko umuvuduko w’Interahamwe mu kwica

Ambasaderi w’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda, Jean Michel Marlaud, yoherereje Telegaramu Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga igaragaza uko ibintu byifashe mu Rwanda. Ambasaderi Marlaud yasobanuye ko yabonye amakuru y’ibanga ariko yizewe anafite ibimenyetso bifatika, bigaragaza ko hari umugambi wo kwica abantu mu gihugu.

Ambasaderi Marlaud yavuze ko uwo mugambi uzabanzirizwa no gushotora ingabo za FPR ziri i Kigali kugira ngo batume nazo zirwanaho, hanyuma ibe impamvu yo kwica Abatutsi, bahereye mu bo mu Mujyi wa Kigali. Ambasaderi yongeyeho ko Ingabo z’u Rwanda zateguye icyo gikorwa ku buryo hari Interahamwe 1700 ziri mu Mujyi wa Kigali zahawe imyitozo n’intwaro kugira ngo zizice Abatutsi, kandi zikaba zifite ubushobozi bwo kwica byibura abantu igihumbi mu isaha imwe ubwicanyi butangijwe.

Tariki 17 Mutarama 1994: Habyarimana yamenyesheje umugambi wa Jenoside abayobozi ba jandarumori

Tariki ya 17 Gashyantare 1994, Perezida Habyarimana yayoboye inama y’abayobozi bakuru ba jandarumori y’igihugu. Bimwe mu byayivugiwemo, harimo inzitizi ku gushyiraho inzego z’inzibacyuho no kuba intambara ishobora kubura.

Habyarimana yagize ati “FPR iramutse itangiye intambara, dufite umushinga wo kwita ku byitso byayo”. CNLG ivuga ko aya magambo ya Habyarimana yumvikanaga, kwica Abatutsi byafatwaga nk’umushinga wa Leta, ibyo bikaba byarahaga abajandarume bari bashinzwe umutekano kwirara mu Batutsi igihe ubutegetsi bwari kubabwira kubutangira.

Tariki 25 Gashyantare 1994: Ishingwa rya Hutu Power mu mashyaka ya MRND, MDR, PSD na PL

Ku wa 25 Gashyantare 1994, habaye inama ikomeye y’abayobozi b’Interahamwe iyobowe na Perezida wazo ku rwego rw’igihugu, Kajuga Robert . Hafatiwemo umwanzuro wo gukebura Interahamwe zose ko zigomba kwitondera Abatutsi, cyane cyane abo mu Mujyi wa Kigali kuko bo lisiti zabo zari zihari no kwitegura gutangira ibikorwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose bakoresheje intwaro zikomeye cyangwa ibindi bikoresho.
Ingabo z’Abafaransa zagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutoza Interahamwe n’izindi ntagondwa zagize uruhare muri Jenoside

Undi mwanzuro wari uwo gukorana n’impuzamugambi za CDR n’abandi banyamuryango ba Hutu power bo mu mashyaka akomeye y’icyo gihe nka MDR, PSD na PL. Uku guhuza ingufu byaje byiyongera ku ngufu z’amashyaka yari mu kwaha kwa MRND.

Tariki 28 Werurwe 1994: Habyarimana yongeye kuburizamo ishyirwaho rya Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho

Kuri uwo munsi, abahagarariye ibihugu byabo mu Rwanda bahuriye ku biro bya Ambasade y’u Bufaransa mu Rwanda baganira ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’amahoro.

Basabye impande zombi gukemura ibyo batumvikanaho no kubahiriza amasezerano. Basabye ko amashyaka yose ya politiki yemewe mu Rwanda mu gihe hasinywaga agace k’amasezerano kerekeye kugabana ubutegetsi yahagararirwa mu nzego z’inzibacyuho. Ibyo basabye ntabwo Perezida Habyarimana yigeze ibyitaho, ahubwo Leta ye yakomeje gutegura Jenoside no kuburizamo amasezerano y’amahoro.

Tariki 29 Werurwe 1994: Perezida Habyarimana yinjije CDR mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko bitemewe

Tariki ya 29 Werurwe 1994, Perezida Habyarimana wari ukomeje kwirengagiza nkana gushyiraho inzego z’inzibacyuho nk’uko byari byaragenwe n’amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha nubwo abaterankunga b’u Rwanda batahwemaga kumushyiraho igitutu, yemereye ishyaka CDR kugira abadepite bayihagarariye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’inzibacyuho, binyuranye n’ibyo amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha yateganyaga, cyane ko CDR yayarwanyaga.

CNLG ivuga ko bigaragaza ko Habyarimana na we yari mu mugambi wa CDR wo kutemera amasezerano y’amahoro no kurimbura Abatutsi.

Tariki 4 Mata 1994: Bagosora yavuze ko umuti w’ibibazo byari mu Rwanda ari ugutsemba Abatutsi

Tariki ya 4 Mata 1994, mu birori byo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’igihugu cya Sénégal, Colonel Bagosora wari umuyobozi mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Ingabo, yabwiye abari bitabiriye ibyo birori ko “igisubizo kimwe rukumbi gishoboka ku Rwanda ari ugutsemba Abatutsi”.

Mu bantu bari muri ibyo birori, bemeje ayo magambo ya Bagosora mu buhamya batanze haba mu Rukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda no mu nyandiko zitandukanye.

IVOMO: Umuryango